Answer:
The intercalated cells in the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron can cause and increase or decrease in body pH.
Explanation:
The renal collecting duct is the nephron segment where the final urine content of acid equivalents and inorganic ions are determined.
Two types of cells regulate the acid-base and volume homeostasis.
Intercalated cells, which express acid-base transporters and vacuolar H+-ATPase, maintain an apropriate acid-base balance and principal cells that express the epithelial sodium channel ENaC and aquaporin 2, regulate electrolyte reabsorption.
Filtered bicarbonate is predominantly reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule about 80% and the remaining bicarbonate is reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the distal nephron, specifically the distal convoluted tubule & the connecting tubule, and finally the cortical and both the outer and inner medullary collecting duct.
Intercalated cells are enriched in mitochondria, and express proteins involved in transport of proton equivalents such as vacuolar H+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II and bicarbonate transporters. There are two types of intercalated cells Type-A and Type-B.
Answer:
Lipids and Proteins are considered micro molecules
Answer:
Olfactory system
Explanation:
In an olfactory system, odor molecules are perceived by the olfactory receptors. These odor molecules are nothing but the chemicals which are then transduced as chemical signals into the electrical signals and sent to the brain. The brain perceives these electrical signals as smell.
The odorant particles bind to the specific receptors located at cilia which then signal through the G protein Gαolf which then activate adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase leads to cAMP production which then open a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel through which both sodium and calcium ion entern into the cell. Calcium ion then activates chloride channels and thereby causing transduction of electrical signal