Loss of follow-up is a problem in most cohort studies and often introduces bias. It is a situation in which a researcher loses contact with a subject, resulting in missing data. Too many subjects failing follow-up diminish the internal validity of the study.
<h3>What is follow-up loss in cohort studies? </h3>
- Follow-up loss introduces bias (observed deviation of relevant measures from what would have been observed without bias) if there is a difference in the likelihood of loss due to follow-up related to exposure status and outcome.
- In the clinical research trials industry, loss due to follow-up is defined as patients who were actively participating in a clinical research trial at some point but who lost themselves (due to errors in the computer tracking system or due to unavailability).
- In cohort studies: 1) Imaging outcome, is loss of follow-up. 2) These are essentially prospective studies, so confounding factors are not an issue. 3) These studies help examine multiple outcomes from a single, infrequent exposure. 4) These are usually faster and cheaper than case-control studies.
<h3>What are advantage and disadvantages of cohort studies?</h3>
- In general, the main advantage of cohort studies is the ability to study multiple exposures and multiple endpoints in a single cohort. This recording allows you to select index groups, so you can explore rare recordings.
- A major weakness of cohort studies is that this type of study design can be time consuming and expensive for results that are rare or evolve over long periods of time. It's a question of research.
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Full employment and economic growth are positive effects, so they would not be "a cost of economic instability" - we can reject this option.
The best answer is inflation- it's an economic cost and it has negative effects, such as increasing the prize of the goods faster than wages.
correct answer is AFRICA MISSED OUT ON GENERERATIONS OF ECONOMIC...
Answer:
Reciprocal altruism
Explanation:
Dee is distraught over a recent breakup of a romantic relationship and calls Rowan for support. Despite having a term paper due the next day, Rowan wants to console Dee and so rushes to Dee's house, because Rowan knows Dee would do the same were their situations reversed. This is an example of <u>reciprocal altruism</u>.
Reciprocal altruism is an idea in psychology that individuals are motivated to help their friends of family members due to an expectation that they will also be helpful to you at a later time. It is the idea that when an individual performs an altruistic act, he or she will get same in return. The action of Rowan is an example of reciprocal altruism.
Is based on supply and demand. With little or no government control. Buyers and sellers are allowed to transact freely if on mutual price agreement without state interfering in the form of taxes, subsidies or regulation.
