Answer: All of these are true (besides the one that says that none are true...).
Explanation:
The ecological succession is a slow change in the living community of the ecosystem along with the changes occurring in the non-living environment until the ecosystem attains stability.
The primary succession can be defined as the initial level of succession. This succession begins in the primitive environment. The soil develops after the weathering process of rocks.
The secondary succession begins in the region where life forms existed before and the area begin damaged by the catostrophic event like forest fire, earthquake and other type of calamities. Some remaining plant parts can give birth to the entire colony of plants.
<span>If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium that can cause deviations from expectation depending on the assumptions of HW that are violated. If a population violates some of the assumptions (like mutations, migrations and selection) the allele frequencies will change over time. Also, if a non-random mating occurs (like inbreeding), it will cause an increase in homozygosity for all genes.</span>
