It was in direct opposition to the civilizations below:
A. Ancient Rome
B.Ancient Greece
Explanation:
The heliocentric theory of solar system places the sun at the center of the universe. This was in direct opposition with Geocentric theory model promoted during the Ancient Greece and Roman period.
This theory places the earth at the center of the universe due to the fact that, the sun tends to revolve around the earth once a day (when viewed from any part of the world) and earth seems to be unmoving from the perspective of those observers.
It was Copernicus who propounded the heliocentric theory of the solar system that supersedes this Geocentric system after so many centuries.
A counter claim is made when a part like the bank has an unpaid debt that the customer has to pay but the customer sues or attacks back the bank for a fraud of the debt and an attempt is made by the defendant to offset or reduce the implications of the claims.
When a country is more specialized, it's able to make something or know how to make something better. If two countries are specialized in different areas, they can each trade their advanced goods instead of each country making moderately good products.