The brain area pinpointed is known to be intimately involved in some of the most advanced planning and decision-making processes that we think of as being especially human.
'We tend to think that being able to plan into the future, be flexible in our approach and learn from others are things that are particularly impressive about humans. We've identified an area of the brain that appears to be uniquely human and is likely to have something to do with these cognitive powers,' says senior researcher Professor Matthew Rushworth of Oxford University's Department of Experimental Psychology.
MRI imaging of 25 adult volunteers was used to identify key components in the ventrolateral frontal cortex area of the human brain, and how these components were connected up with other brain areas. The results were then compared to equivalent MRI data from 25 macaque monkeys.
This ventrolateral frontal cortex area of the brain is involved in many of the highest aspects of cognition and language, and is only present in humans and other primates. Some parts are implicated in psychiatric conditions like ADHD, drug addiction or compulsive behaviour disorders. Language is affected when other parts are damaged after stroke or neurodegenerative disease. A better understanding of the neural connections and networks involved should help the understanding of changes in the brain that go along with these conditions.
The Oxford University researchers report their findings in the science journal Neuron.
Professor Rushworth explains: 'The brain is a mosaic of interlinked areas. We wanted to look at this very important region of the frontal part of the brain and see how many tiles there are and where they are placed.
'We also looked at the connections of each tile -- how they are wired up to the rest of the brain -- as it is these connections that determine the information that can reach that component part and the influence that part can have on other brain regions.'
From the MRI data, the researchers were able to divide the human ventrolateral frontal cortex into 12 areas that were consistent across all the individuals.
Some of the settler were looking for gold and other were starting a new life, the first settlement is considered to be jamestown,virginia but before that there was another settlement but it didn't work
Answer:
The id
Explanation:
Id for Freud is the component of the personality composed of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic impulses, needs and desires. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, which requires the immediate satisfaction of needs. This according to his psychoanalytic theory of personality.
Also, the id is the only part of the personality that is present at birth. Freud also suggested that this primitive component of personality existed completely within the unconscious.
The id acts as the driving force behind the personality. It not only strives to fulfill our most basic impulses, many of which are directly linked to survival, but it also provides all the energy necessary to drive personality.
