Answer:
The kingdom of Songhai, also spelled Songhay, West Africa's great trade state, focused on what is now central Mali on the middle reaches of the Niger River and gradually spreading west to the Atlantic coast and east to Niger and Nigeria.
While the Songhai people are said to have settled in the city of Gao about 800 CE, during the reign of the dia Kossoi, a Songhai convert to Islam, they did not consider it as their capital until the beginning of the 11th century. During the next 300 years, Gao prospered and expanded so much that the rulers of Mali added it to their kingdom from 1325 to 1375.
One of the solgans was...... give me liberty or give me death
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The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached we can say the following.
How did the old powers of Europe seek to restrain the ideas of Republicanism and Bonapartism with the Concert of Europe?
The old powers of Europe sought to restrain the ideas of Republicanism and Bonapartism with the Concert of Europe in that this concert represented a system to solve many political and territorial issues that became major problems with the expansionist's ideas of Napoleon Bonaparte. The conservative and traditionalist nations of the old continent did not accept the idea to lose their control and power and decided to do something to stop revolutionary ideas and movements, The concert of Europe opposed nationalistic ideas.
The Concert of Europe was a meeting of nations to find a balance of power.
We are referring to a time in Europe after the Napoleonic period. The European nations were in favor of keeping the status quo of the region, establishing a balance of power. This allowed some countries to intervene on the issues of another in the case there was a threat of internal rebellion. Historians consider the Concert of Europe in two periods, the first after the Congress of Viena of 1815 until 1848, and the other from 1871 to 1914.
