A) Sodium..................................................
The process of protein synthesis involves two steps such as transcription and translation. In the process of transcription the encoded information in the DNA is transcripts or encoded into messenger RNA or mRNA inside the nucleus. This mRNA then comes out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the process of translation the mRNA molecule attach with the ribosomes and tRNA molecules to synthesise the protein.
The type of hormone, such as the steroid, which passes directly through the cell membrane to nuclear receptors to cause changes in gene expression within the cell, is known as hydrophobic.
Hydrophobic steroid hormones are transported in the circulation, largely bound to plasma carrier proteins. Steroids are overall hydrophobic because of they have common tetracyclic hydrocarbon core.
Hence, the steroid hormones are lipid-soluble in hydrophobic environments and they able to pass through the cell membrane of cell. Steroid hormones have the ability bind with receptors and change their structure and causing that complex to easily pass into the nucleus in order to alter or change gene expression.
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