Up until the First Opium War, the foreign threats Han Chinese were used to dealing with were foreign nomadic invaders invading from the north. While Han Chinese were used to being occupied, even by foreign dynasties such as the Mongol Yuan dynasty, the foreign occupiers were always absorbed into the great ocean of Chinese culture and eventually disappeared.
Following the assassination of President James A. Garfield by a disgruntled job seeker, Congress passed the Pendleton Act in January of 1883. The Pendleton Act provided that Federal Government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that Government employees be selected through competitive exams.
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However both FDR and Lyndon Johnson championed major liberal legislation that aimed at making the lives of ordinarily people better through healthcare,welfare and housing.
FDR came up with the new deal to ease the great depression feelings while Johnson came up with the war on poverty.
That is difficult, I'm not exactly sure what the context is but... I would answer with the Nile River
