Answer:
<h2>Alright..</h2><h2>and uh..??</h2>
btw good night sweet dreams
"<span>They wanted to establish an independent nation" was not a reason why </span>Europeans undertook sea explorations in the Northwest, since they were working for their homelands.
It was "Alexander I" who was the Russian Tsar who refused to surrender to Napoleon in 1812, even after Moscow had been captured and burned, since he suspected (correctly) that Napoleon's army would not be able to endure.
The distance all the way across the circle is the diameter. the distance halfway across the circle (from the edge to the middle) is the radius.
The answer is True
Islamic art describes all of the arts that were produced in the lands where Islam was the dominant religion or the religion of those who ruled. Unlike the terms Christian art, Jewish art, and Buddhist art—which refer only to religious art of these faiths—the term Islamic art is not used merely to describe religious art or architecture but applies to all art forms produced in the Islamic world.
Thus, the term Islamic art refers not only to works created by Muslim artists, artisans, and architects or for Muslim patrons. It encompasses works created by Muslim artists for patrons of any faith, including—Christians, Jews, or Hindus—and the works created by Jews, Christians, and others, living in Islamic lands, for patrons, Muslim and otherwise.
Got this information from https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guide-islamic-art/a/arts-of-the-islamic-world