Answer:
Repair mechanism for base cleavage (BER)
Explanation:
Repair by base cleavage (BER)
The altered bases are specifically recognized by glycosylases and removed, generating an AP site. The hole is filled by a DNA polymerase that takes the healthy strand as a template. This system arises not only by exposure to external agents, but also by the cell's own activity.
In case of damage in more than one nucleotide, repair by nucleotide excision (NER) is performed.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER)
The damaged area is recognized by UvrA and B, then A and B separate and UvrC enters which forms a complex with endonuclease activity with B. This enzyme cuts the T-dimer and the gap is filled by a DNA polymerase. There is also the TC-NER system (transcription-coupled nucleotide repair system). The alteration of these mechanisms gives rise to diseases such as: Xeroderma pigmentosum, Trichotiodystrophy or Cockayne Syndrome
The answer is A: a flagship species.
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Answer:
The damage to ozone layer is done by halogens such as Chlorine and Bromine.
Answer:
If an organism has a beneficial trait, they have a higher chance of survival, and if they can survive they can reproduce too.
Example: Speckled moths camouflage with the bark of trees and are not easily seen by predators. Black moths do not camouflage with the bark of trees and are easily seen by predators, therefore the black moths are eaten. Because the black moths have been eaten they cannot reproduce and pass on the trait for black wings to their offspring, but the speckled moths are able to reproduce because they survived and are able to pass on the speckled wing trait to their offspring.
The disadvantages of the pyramid of productivity as a representation: The rate of biomass production of an organism is required, which involves measuring growth and reproduction through time. There is still the difficulty of assigning the organisms to a specific trophic level.
