Both a and b has a cell membrane or a plasma membrane!
I hope this helps! :D
Mitochrondria of the eukaryotic cells.
<span>As many researchers hypothesize that the old single-celled organism or the origin of the complex-celled organisms came from the endosymbiosis of the mitochrondrion organism and the prokaryotic cell. It has been said that mitochondria was an independent organism which then to have been evovled itself after planting itself inside a prokaryotic cell which aided cellular respiration and production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). This then aided the prokaryotic cell to be more sophisticated and caused another change from having without a true nucleus to a eukaryotic cell with a nucleus and embedded DNA. </span>
The answer is left to right shunt
Ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connect the pulmonary artery with the aorta. Normally, ductus arteriosus will be closed to prevent backflow. Patent ductus arteriosus happens when it doesn't closed.
Since aorta pressure is higher than pulmonary, left to right shunt will be happens. The blood that flow to the lungs will be increased while blood flow to the systemic decreased.
I think its a transcription (srry if im wrong)
