Answer:
The expedition was launched in retaliation for Villa's attack on the town of Columbus, New Mexico, and was the most remembered event of the Mexican Border War.
Explanation:
A political machine is a "political group that controls or commands small businesses or corporations into voting for the candidate that they think will best suit in a election." In other words it's a boss that tells it's workers to vote for who the boss thinks would be better in a election and in result the workers will receive extra pay or a raise.
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In the mid-nineteenth century writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville produced works of fiction that even today, centuries later, help to define what American literature means.
The cradle of civilization is a term referring to locations where, according to current archaeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.