The concepts of Power, anonymity and political utility for covert acts are pivotal to understanding state-on-state interactions within cyberspace.
<h3>What is Anonymity?</h3>
- Anonymity describes cases where the interim person's identity is anonymous.
- Some writers have argued that anonymity, though technically accurate, does not capture what is more centrally at stake in contexts of anonymity.
- The essential concept here is that an individual is non-identifiable, unavailable, or untrackable.
- Anonymity is seen as a technique, or a way of realizing, sure other values, such as solitude, or liberty.
- Over the past few years, anonymity tools used on the dark web by offenders and harmful users have drastically changed the ability of law enforcement to use conventional surveillance Techni.
To learn more about Anonymity, refer to:
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Answer:
a) Viruses
Explanation:
Vulnerability assessment is performed by variety of tools and these can be protocol analyzer, vulnerability scanner, Honeypots, port scanners, honey nets and banner grabbing tools.
Port scanners : they are used to scan the ports which can be exploited by attackers. Most of TCP/IP applications communicate using different ports and attackers can exploit these ports if they are found vulnerable. for example : ports like 80 and 443 are commonly used for HTTP and SSL communication. 22 is used for SSH and if they are open to world then it will allow attackers to use those to get the entry into the system.
Protocol Analyzers : They are used to analyze the packet captures. tools like wireshark, tshark, these tools will help user to decode HTTP/SSL/HTTPS/FTP/RSTP or any application protocols communication. this will help user to understand any unwanted or non-anticipated traffic.
Vulnerability Scanners : They are used to detect the vulnerabilities in the network or systems. these will help administrators to get the alerts whenever there are unanticipated activity. It will have two types of scanners one is active scanner and other is passive scanner. Active scanners will keep on sending probes at the fixed time slots and passibe scanners will be in listening mode all the time. These scanners will alert when a new nodes comes up or goes down or if any system gets compromised.
Honeypots and Honey nets : They are devices or softwares which are having limited security. These devices are made vulnerable purposefully so that attackers can try and attack. This will help softwares to detect the attackers when they try to exploit these open vulnerabilities. They are deceptions created with purpose.
Banner grabbing Tools : These are tools which will capture the banner information like HTTP protocol version, underlying operating system, open ssl versions being used, server software and similar information. these are important as it will open up potential vulnerabilities in the underlying software. for ex : SSLv3 has a vulnerability known to world and can be exploited by anyone.
Answer:
Answer is A. One.
Refer below.
Explanation:
A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. There must be at least one other process that handle(s) the data flow, produce(s) some other data flow, and return(s) the original data flow to the beginning process.
Answer:
O(n) which is a linear space complexity
Explanation:
Space complexity is the amount of memory space needed for a program code to be executed and return results. Space complexity depends on the input space and the auxiliary space used by the algorithm.
The list or array is an integer array of 'n' items, with the memory size 4*n, which is the memory size of an integer multiplied by the number of items in the list. The listSize, i, and arithmeticSum are all integers, the memory space is 4(3) = 12. The return statement passes the content of the arithmetic variable to another variable of space 4.
The total space complexity of the algorithm is "4n + 16" which is a linear space complexity.
