Answer:
Our results contrast with research conducted in protected areas that suggested human effects in the food web are primarily predator-mediated. Instead, human influence on vegetation may strengthen bottom-up predominance and weaken top-down trophic cascades in ecosystems.
Explanation:
Answer:
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Explanation:
Each molecule has a characteristic size and shape that determines its function in the living cell. The shapes of molecules are determined by the positions of the atoms' orbitals. When an atom forms covalent bonds, the orbitals in its valence shell are rearranged.
As electrons move along the chain, hydrogen ion are pumped from the stroma of the chloroplast into thylakoid lumen. these leads to creation of proton gradient in thylakoid lumen with the potential energy that will be used to synthesize ATP by enzyme ATPase in the process referred to as rotational catalysis. both chloroplast and mitochondria use electron transport chain to pump protons across the membrane and both enzyme ATPase to produce ATP using proton gradient created in the process of transport of hydrogen ions. the main existing between the electron transport chains of chloroplast and mitochondria is the initial source of energy. chloroplasts obtain their energy from sunlight whereas mitochondria obtain theirs from organic molecules.
d. O2
This is because CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), energy (sunlight), and H2O (water) are all outputs of cellular respiration.
The answer to this question would be, <span>False.
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