Scientists recently discovered that there is this specific gene called "Pitx1" that is responsible for the less of pelvic spines in animals 15,000 years ago. Among the most common example of the animals affected by this gene is are the freshwater skittlebacks.
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Answer:</h2>
Following are the examples of the given associations:
- Mutualism- Oxpecker and rhinoceros.
- Commensalism- Birds and tree.
- Parasitism- Sashimi and round worm.
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Explanation:</h2>
- <u>Mutualism</u>- It is a the interaction of two organisms of two different species in which each of them gets benefited from each other. For example- Oxpecker eats the ticks, pests and other parasites present on the body of Rhinoceros and hence both of them get benefited as the oxpecker gets food and in return rhinoceros gets pest control.
- <u>Commensalism</u>- it is a association in which two organisms get interacted in which one get benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. For example birds living on trees generally do not harm tree in any case but in return gets food and shelter from the tree.
- <u>Parasitism</u> in aquatic environment- it is defined as the interaction of two organisms in which a organism lives in or on other organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients from the host at the host's expense. For example round worm or tapeworm obtain food and even complete their life cycle inside fishes like Sashimi and harms them.
Result: The above are the examples of the given associations.
They do not produce d.seeds
Answer: Vascular plants are successful due to better transportation for water, nutrients and reproduction. The xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles allow for distribution of water and food to all parts of the body. This structures allow vascular plants to colonize farther inland.
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