Answer:
If decomposers are removed from ecosystem,there would be no organic nutrients and all the dead plants would destroy the animals habitat. The ecosystem will be fill by plants and animal wastes as there will be no decomposition of waste material.
WORKING DISTANCE is space between the bottom of objective the lens and the surface of the slide.
The distance between front edge of the objective and the lens and the specimen surface ("with the surface of the cover glass in case of the cover glass objective lens") when the specimen is also focused.
The working distance (W.D.) which is determined by the linear measurement of the objective and front lens to the focal plane. In the general, the objective of the working distance decreases by the magnification and the numerical aperture of both increase. The working distance is the distance and from the front of the lens to be the focal plane
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Answer:
Examples of where primary succession may take place include the formation of new islands, on new volcanic rock, and on land formed from glacial retreats.
Answer:
2) B
3) D
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Nucleotide bases are added to DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction.
What is DNA replication?
When a cell divides, DNA copies itself through a process called replication.
- Generally speaking, DNA replication involves uncoiling the helix, strand separation by rupturing the hydrogen bonds between the complementary strands, and synthesis of two new strands through complimentary base pairing.
- The origin of replication, which is a precise location in the DNA, is where replication starts.
- From the point of origin, DNA replication is bidirectional.
- The two parent DNA strands unwind and split apart at the origin of replication to generate two "Y-shaped" replication forks in order to start DNA replication.
- These unwinding enzymes are known as DNA helicases.
- The real location of DNA copying is at these replication forks.
- Proteins that destabilize helices bind to the single-stranded areas to prevent the two strands from rejoining.
- To reduce stress on the helical molecule during replication, enzymes known as topoisomerases cause breaks in the DNA and then reunite them.
- The hydrogen bonding of free DNA nucleotides with those on each parent strand results in the formation of new complementary strands as the strands continue to unwind and split in both directions around the entire DNA molecule.
- The new nucleotides are joined by DNA polymerases using phosphodiester bonds as they align themselves opposite each parent strand using hydrogen bonds.
- Deoxynucleotide triphosphates, which are made up of a nitrogenous base called deoxyribose and three phosphates, are the actual nucleotides that are aligning through complementary base pairing.
- Two of the phosphates are withdrawn to provide energy for bonding as the phosphodiester bond forms between the 3' OH of the previous nucleotide in the DNA strand and the 5' phosphate group of the next nucleotide.
- In the end, two identical DNA molecules are created when each parent strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary copy of itself.
Hence, nucleotide bases are added to DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction.
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