Answer:
Transcription is the second step in central dogma of molecular biology. First step is replication, second is transcription, and third is translation.
In the transcription phase, DNA, which is already replicated, is transcribed to mRNA which is required to make proteins in the translation phase. The root words say it is a combination of "across" and "write". This means that DNA is going to be written in a new language "mRNA". So, this term has been used in biological process because it is the re-writing across the whole DNA to make a completely new strand of mRNA.
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Answer:
B. Constants
Explanation:
Constants are the factors that stay the same throughout the entire experiment no matter which group. The definition of a constant is "a situation or state of affairs that does not change." this furthers the point that constant is the correct answer because they don't change in the experiment.
Answer:
It is "The opening of flask is pointed in an unsafe direction"
Explanation:
The students were there in the lab to perform practical without obeying the safety rules. The most reasonable basis for teacher's warning here, in this case, is the flask which is pointed in an unsafe direction. It is not specified whether the flask is containing any chemical or not but even if it is empty, it might just fall and break and create injury to anyone present in the lab because, the students are also not wearing proper laboratory wear in accordance to the safety rules which include lab coats, gloves, eyewear, etc. Also, some Students have not tied their hair and more importantly the flasks carrying liquids are not labeled. All of these things might end up in a critical situation for which the teacher warned students about it all.
One example is a coral reef.
In immunology two types of immune response are described depending on whether there is prior contact with the antigen.
• At this first contact, only lymphocytes with receptors specific to the antigen in question are stimulated and lead to the production of antibodies capable of neutralizing it. The lymphocytes capable of recognizing a specific antigen are very few and the production of antibodies - of low intensity and limited duration - is detectable only after a period of latency of several days. This is called the primary response. The specificity of the resulting seropositivity, however, makes it possible to detect contamination (seroconversion).
• Upon re-contact with an antigen that has already triggered a primary response, specific antibody production is found to increase rapidly after a short latency period. The secretion of IgG then reaches levels much higher than those observed during the primary response, while that of IgM is of the same order. This early and intense response, called secondary response, most often results in the destruction of infectious agents before any clinical sign.
• Many centuries before the discovery of microbes, it was noted that people who developed a contagious disease without death were then specifically immunized against the disease, without being protected against others.
• The ability to react appropriately to an already received stimulus supposes the existence of a memory. The immune memory is based on the existence of memory B and T lymphocytes, resulting from the clonal expansion due to the first contact with the antigen. Their lifespan is significantly higher than that of other lymphocytes and their high reactivity gives its rapid and intense character to the secondary response.
