Answer:
D.) 8
Step-by-step explanation:
You can use the Pythagorean theorem because this is a right triangle:

a and b are the legs and c is the hypotenuse. The hypotenuse is always the longest side in a right triangle (since it is opposite the biggest angle). The two legs squared have to add up to the hypotenuse squared.
Fill in values:

Simplify exponents:

Isolate the variable. Subtract 225 from both sides:

Find the square root of both sides:

The missing leg length is 8.
The angle of STV would be 140 degrees.
Given
- f(n) values for n=1,2,3,4
- possible candidates for the function
Solution:
Method: Evaluate some of the values, for each function. A function with ANY value not matching the given f(n) values will be rejected.
N=1, f(n)=4
f(1)=4-3(1-1)=4
f(1)=4+3^(1+1)=4+3^2=4+9=13 ≠ 4 [rejected]
f(1)=4(3^(n-1))=4(3^0)=4
f(1)=3(4^(n-1))=3(4^0)=3*1=3 [rejected]
N=2, f(n)=12
f(1)=4-3(2-1)=4-3(1)=1 ≠ 12 [rejected]
[rejected]
f(1)=4(3^(2-1)=4*3^1=4*3=12
[rejected]
Will need to check one more to be sure
N=3, f(n)=3
[rejected]
[rejected]
f(3)=4(3^(n-1))=4(3^(3-1))=4(3^2)=4*9=36 [Good]
[rejected]
Solution: f(n)=4(3^(n-1))
8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104