The long nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons are located in the renal medulla.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The kidneys are the major filtering units that are present in the body. The kidneys filter the ions of the body and expel the waste of the body and retain the required ions in the body.
The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that are majorly responsible for the filtering action. The longer the nephron loops are more concentrated urine is expelled from the body.
Answer:
The correct insulin pathway is described as under:
2. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
8. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
6. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
4. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Glut4 receptors transported to the cell membrane
Explanation:
The insulin signaling pathway is described as under:
RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases) which is a receptor for insulin is an extracellular receptor but in contrast to other cell surface receptors it is catalytic in nature. In the absence of insulin (ligand), it is monomeric but as soon as it gets activated (activation occurs upon ligand binding), it undergo dimerization. It leads to auto-phosphorylation in it's tyrosine residue which subsequently leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of other receptors. Such hyper-phosphorylated receptor have high affinity with enzyme/molecule like IRS protein which have SH2 domain . IRS down stream activates phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). This enzyme converts component of animal cell membrane PIP2 into PIP3. PIP3 also remains membrane bound but it has the potential to phosphorylate another enzyme named as PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1). Further, PDK1 leads to the activation of Akt or PK-B. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase which ultimately leads to the recruitment of Glut4 receptors on cell membrane for uptake of more and more glucose into the cell.
Note: Apart from this Akt also phosphorylates another protein named as FOXO which ultimately causes cell growth, Akt can also phosphorylate BAD protein so as to restrict cell apoptosis or we can say it leads to cell survival, Akt also leads to translation in a cell with the help of mTOR raptor etc.
B) It's known as a Fault. That's why they say "Don't drill on a fault line," because when fault lines move they cause earthquakes, and other occurrences.
Answer:
72F and 200ft
I believe this is correct
Answer:
Sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it reduces the rate of mutation accumulation.
Explanation:
The main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it increases the genetic variation in the species by creating new combinations of alleles.
However, asexual reproduction produces more offspring, as it is usually a quicker method of reproduction. It also does not require the organisms to socialise to mate.
Sexual reproduction does not reduce the rate of mutation, which is influenced by environmental factors as well as the genome itself.
