She didn’t cycle the reaction! She has to cycle as follows:
1. 95C-to denature the double stranded DNA
2. 50-55C depends on her primers- to anneal the primers to the single stranded DNA
3. 37-42C depending on the enzyme used - DNA polymerase extends from the primers to make the new DNA.
Also, are the dNTPs special? Either radioactive or with a fluorescence to measure/detect them?
Answer:
Pesticides are selected based on the target species, growth stage, and enviromental conditions prevalent in a region.
Explanation:
Knowing environmental conditions in a region when using a pesticide could prevent health risks to every type of living beings that abide there. Occupational exposure and pesticide residues in food and drinking water could be risky due to pesticide toxicity, the weather conditions, the adsorption on soil, among others.
<span>Algae</span>
<span>Pioneer community can be refers to a community of spices that
first colonize an area during primary succession. This group of organisms are
among the first to arrive at a new site and perform a unique services by
preparing a habitat for later species. </span>
<span>The most basic universal indicators of human development are life expectancy, literacy, and standard of living. Only health would not be considered as part of these indicators, because it doesn't say anything about human development. Life expectancy refers to the length of someone's life. Literacy is the state of being literate, meaning knowing how to read and write. Standard of living is self-explanatory - whether you live good and have money or the opposite.</span>
You would be referring to the <em>plant </em>cell.
Answer:
Chloroplasts may be seen on all six sides of a plant cell, which is a three-dimensional entity with typically moderately rounded corners (not in the centre because a big central vacuole fills a very large part of the volume). Chloroplasts are constantly being rearranged by the cell since they are not set in place. Chloroplasts are typically located close to so-called periclinal cell walls, which are oriented in the same 2D orientation as the leaf surface under low light. Chloroplasts seem to "escape" to the anticlinal walls in bright light. Better light harvesting in low light by exposing every chloroplast to light and photoprotection by mutual shading in strong light are likely the fitness benefits provided by this behavior. In the dark, chloroplasts also gravitate toward the anticlinal walls. Thin leaves of submerged aquatic plants like Elodea can be used as microscope specimens to observe chloroplast motions. One can gauge how much light gets through a leaf in land plants. What I just said concerning the top layer(s) of leaves' "palisade parenchyma cells" is accurate. Most of the chloroplasts are found in these cells. Numerous cells in the spongy parenchyma under the palisade layer lack well marked peri and anticlinal walls.
<h2>
How did plant cells incorporate chloroplasts in their DNA?</h2>
Chloroplasts must reproduce in a manner akin to that of some bacterial species, in which the chloroplast DNA is duplicated first, followed by binary fission of the organelle (a kind of protein band that constricts so that two daughter organelles bud off). As a result of some chloroplast DNA actually being integrated into the plant genome (a process known as endosymbiotic gene transfer), it is now controlled in the nucleus of the plant cell itself.
