Low calorie food intake can lead to amenorrhea (loss of regular menstrual cycle) and protein deficiency.
What is amenorrhea and protein deficiency and its effects?
- Female athletes, find it difficult to meet energy and nutrient needs while maintaining a low fat or body weight considered optimal for sports performance. Thus, they often restrict energy intake(EI) to make weight goals.
- Low EI, combined with high levels of exercise, increases the risk of developing exercise-related menstrual dysfunction (ExMD) and poor bone health.
- ExMD can be high in physically active women, ranging from 0% to 60%, and occurs across a continuum from mild disruptions in menses (no ovulation or luteal phase deficiency) to oligomenorrhea (cycles ≥ 35 day) and amenorrhea (no menses for >90 day.
- Low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy remaining for body functions after exercise training) may lead to menstrual dysfunction through a leptin-controlled pathway.
- In ExMD, females have low leptin levels that contribute to the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility via interference of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile.
- Sequentially, the ovaries decrease production of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for triggering the lining and egg of the uterus to be shed (menstruation) resulting in abnormal menses.
- Adequate dietary protein is important for supporting physiological adaptations to exercise, there is a growing need to determine the protein requirements for pre-menopausal
- athletes that address the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones and potential metabolic
- potential metabolic
interactions with different types of exercise.
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Answer:
Explanation:
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Answer:
\rb. To accelerate the heart rate by interfering with vagal impulses
Explanation:
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside which has both the cardiac as well as the electric effects. The most important electrical effect includes early parasympathomimmetic responses(decrease in heart rate) which are followed by late arrhythmogenic actions. Thus the parasympathetic effects of digoxin specifically on atria and AV node results in a decrease in heart rate while atropine in given in this condition because it is a parasympatholytic drug thus it reverses the bradycardia induced by digoxin by interfering with vagal impulses and increases the heart rate .
Hence the option \rb. To accelerate the heart rate by interfering with vagal impulses is true.
Answer:patient complains of pain, swelling, tenderness on the small joints like hands and feet.. Also early morning joint stiffness that last for long hours..
Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition of joints.. It affects small joints mostly.. The body system attacks the joints. There is usually a positive history of autoimmune diseases.
