Answer:
See explanation below
Step-by-step explanation:
<em>R(x,y) means x and y are related</em> according to previous established relation.
For example R(x,y) could be “x<y” if x, y are integer numbers, or R(x,y) could be “x and y are friends” if x and y are people.
<em>The set which x and y belongs to, need not be the same.</em>
<em>∀x∀y R(x, y) means: for every x in a set S and every y in a set T, x and y are related.
</em>
The logical conector “and” is commutative, that is to say, the sentence “for every x in a set S and every y in a set T x and y are related” is the same as “for every y in a set T and every x in a set S x and y are related”.
This last sentence is ∀y∀x R(x, y).
So, they are the same thing.
You can solve this problem by using the Gauss method. The Gauss method is a method where you can add the first and last numbers together, and then multiply by how many times that appears. Here, the sum of the first and last number is -11. In this sequence, it would appear ten times (since there are ten terms and the terms are used twice in every eleven). -11 * 5 is -55, so that means the answer to this question is -55.
An exponential model can be described by the function
where: a is the initial population or the starting number, b is the base and x is the number of periods elapsed.
When the base of an exponential model is greater than 1 it is called a growth factor, but when it is less than 1 it is called a decay factor.
Given the exponential model
n is the final output of the exponential model, 20.5 is the starting number, 0.6394 is the base and t is the number of periods/time elapsed.
Here, the base is 0.6394 which is less than 1, hence a decay factor.
Therefore, <span>the
base, b, of the exponential model is 0.6394; It is a
decay factor.</span>