The answer you are looking for is B, participle.
Realism is a literary movement that was created in response
to romanticism. Romanticism had at its
basis—like the name suggests—a romantic (almost too optimistic) notion of all
about which was written. Realism, on
the other hand, was just the opposite in that it portrayed society (reality) as
the way it really was almost pessimistically (or at least as it was seen by the
author) and can be seen as an equal and opposite reaction to romanticism.
Tone is based on the authors feeling/attitude. Mood is what we, the reader, feels.
