Answer:
Bicarbonate ion, HCO3- (which has a similar charge to chloride ions) also follow sodium ions into the blood. Also, potassium ions, K+ are transported into the nephron so some chloride ions and bicarbonate ions remains in the nephron to balance the charge.
Explanation:
Sodium is the primary positively charged electrolyte in extracellular fluid. Most of the solute reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is in the form of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride. Water is also reabsorbed in order to balance osmotic pressure
When sodium ions are reabsorbed into the blood, few of the substances that are transported with Na+ on the membrane facing the lumen of the tubules include Cl- ions, Ca2+ ions, amino acids, and glucose. Sodium is actively exchanged for K+ using ATP on the basal membrane.
In the distal convoluted tubule, K+ and H+ ions are selectively secreted into the filtrate, while Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- ions are reabsorbed to maintain pH and electrolyte balance in the blood.
Some chloride ions remains in the nephron to balance the charge of the secreted K+ ions and also due to the bicarbonate ions that are removed.
Answer:Sclerenchyma
Explanation:Sclerenchyma is thick walled dead lignified cells, they are hard and elastic. The sclerenchyma cells are divided into two groups namely fibers and sclereids. Sclerenchymatous fibers are branched/unbranched, long, hard, pointed cells with tapering ends, thick walls, and narrow lumen.
Answer:
1. Merocrine
2. Holocrine
Explanation:
Merocrine glands are the exocrine glands that synthesize their secretions on ribosomes attached to rough ER. These secretions are packaged by the Golgi complex into the secretory vesicles and are released from the cell via exocytosis. Tear glands, salivary glands are some examples of merocrine glands.
The cells of holocrine glands do not have vesicles but accumulate a secretory product in their cytosol. The mature secretory cells rupture to release the secretory product. This results in the presence of large amounts of lipids from the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes in secretions of these glands. One example of a holocrine gland is an oil-producing gland of the skin.
