Emperor Taizu set the policy that most of the governing officials should beConfucian literati who passed the imperial exam, which was known as the Keju examination in ancient China. Thanks to this policy, many ordinary people became officials by studying hard.
Because they could afford it. The Roman education system was based on the Greek system, so why not learn it in Greece. The Romans education was based on the classical Greek tradition but infused with Roman politics, cosmology, and religious beliefs. The only children to receive a formal education were the children of the rich. The very rich families employed a private tutor to teach their children. Those that could not afford to do this used either slaves or sent their children to a private school.
Enlightenment thinkers believed that all citizens are born with natural rights
It could be argued that one of the main ways in which European culture flourished in the Middle Ages was that Monks took "center stage" when it came to studying things like mathematics and religion, and paved the way for many skilled artisans who would later emerge in the Renaissance.
