Explanation: denotation is the literal meaning of a word, the one that we can find in a dictionary, connotation is the meaning given by the context of the word, or also by the readers based on their emotions or personal experiences. In the given excerpt the connotation or meaning from the context of the word "spurn" is to reject or treat with disgust, we can infer that by noticing that the excerpt in general have a negative tone about fate, death and hope.
Verbal irony is the use of words to express something in
a way that is other than it seems. It can be revealed by noting the original
nature of the objects involved. Say for example, when you see an ugly t-shirt
printing and you say out loudly “What a beautiful print!”
