Muscle cramps are caused when the muscle takes longer than normal to relax after a contraction. During contraction, the myosin heads attach on their binding sites on the actin filament and pulls on the filament hence shortening the sarcomeres. For the myosin head to release its binding site on the actin filament, ATP attaches to an active site on the myosin and is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. This causes relaxation after a contraction cycle. Cramps, therefore, may be due to depletion of ATP molecule in the muscles cells.
Another reason for cramps may be a high amount of calcium in the muscles that bind to troponin on the actin filaments. This exposes the myosin binding sites longer hence promotes the formation of cross-bridge even when the contraction of the muscle is not intended anymore.
In order to find the percentage of the litters that will consist of two wavy- haired and three straight-haired offspring, you need to use the binomial distribution formula: P(x) = ⁿCₓ × pₓ × qⁿ⁻ˣ
P is the probability that the litters will consist of two wavy-haired and three straight-haired offspring.
X is considered to be the number of times the offspring will have wavy-air in a litter of 5 offspring, which is 2.
n is the number of offspring per litter.
p is the probability of happening wavy hair.
q is the probability of having straight hair.
It comes like this:
P(X=2)=⁵C₂×0.5²×0.5⁵⁻² ⇔ P(X=2)=10×0.25×0.125 ⇔ P(X=2)=0.3125
So, the percentage of the litters that will consist of two wavy-haired and three straight-haired offspring is 31.25%.
D. . They have contributed the same type of allele <span>for this gene.</span>
Cellular Respiration-
Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is liberated out.
Photosynthesis-
Producing food and capturing energy.
