The answer is English, French, and Germany. Hope this helps:)
1.You can still always have power over your land.
2.No matter what you still can rule.
Europeans were originally motivated to explore the seas to discover previously unknown lands, especially after the contact with America, where europeans found all kind of valuable goods. The portuguese were the first to pursue maritime exploration, soon to be followed by the spaniards.
i think it is c. second half of the 18th century hope it helps
A shortage of money
-There was a limited supply gold and other hard currency across the colonies. Also, Paper money was not issued by the government and was not recognized across colonial boundaries. As a result, exchange was mostly conducted through barter trade