Answer:
Cesare Beccaria, an Italian politician and philosopher, greatly influenced criminal law reform in Western Europe. He argued that the effectiveness of criminal justice depended more on the certainty of punishment than on its severity.
Explanation:
I hope this helps
Answer:
D. The modern era
Explanation:
The term is modern era, although we can narrow it to late modern period, which began after the period of industrialization. That is why D is correct answer.
A is not correct because it doesn't refer to historical period.
B is wrong because it refers to period between 14th and 17th Century.
C. is wrong because it refer to period of first half of 20th Century mostly.
They are important because without them there would be chaos. Checks and balances is basically checking on the others. The separation is for the three branches(Executive, Legislative, Judiciary) , each have the power to do their own duty; so there would not be just ONE person who takes over.
Probably B.
If I’m wrong then I’m sorry