The genetic material inherited in an organelle, such as a mitochondrion or a chloroplast, exhibits Extranuclear inheritance.
When DNA in cytoplasmic organelles is handed on to offspring, extranuclear inheritance occurs. Cytoplasm can be found in both sperm and ovum cells in humans. Most of the extranuclear DNA formed when the sperm and ovum combine belongs to the mother. The organelles in the fertilized cell expand and divide as the fertilized egg grows. As a result, each new cell receives mtDNA, which likewise divides and is passed on. As a result, each child inherits mtDNA from the mother. The identical procedure takes place in creatures with cells that contain chloroplasts.
Nuclear DNA differs greatly from extranuclear inheritance in several ways.
- Chloroplasts and mitochondria both store several copies of DNA. Additionally, the cytoplasm of every cell contains a number of each organelle, occasionally thousands.
- In a cell's cytoplasm, chloroplasts and mitochondria are dispersed at random. There is a random distribution of amount in both daughter cells after cell division, whether it be through mitosis or meiosis.
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For question 2 its way to show outcomes
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The cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experience, to reason well, and to cope effectively with the demands of daily living
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Intelligence is something that can actually be measured, even though it is not a physical, but a psychological trait. The humans had wanted to be able to measure their intelligence for quite some time, but that only became possible with the development of the modern psychology and the test specially created for this purpose. The intelligence represents the cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experiences, how well can it reason, as well as to cope effectively with the demands of the daily living. To put it more simple, it is the ability of an individual to acquire and apply skills and knowledge in its life.
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Muscles can also receive messages from the brain when the body temperature decreases. They respond by shivering. Shivering causes the muscles to contract and relax quickly. This process generates heat.