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<em>McCulloch v. Maryland</em> (1819) was a landmark Supreme Court case that contributed to defining the political relationship between the central government and the states by establishing implied powers and federal supremacy over the states.
The case of <em>McCulloch v. Maryland</em> emerged as the United States Congress sought to reestablish a national bank in 1816; consequently, the Second Bank of the United States was chartered. In 1818, the State of Maryland’s legislature required taxes on all banks not chartered by the state, which included the Second Bank of the United States. James McCulloch, a cashier at the Baltimore branch of the bank in Maryland, would refuse to pay this tax, leading Maryland to file a lawsuit against McCulloch to collect the tax. The case would make its way to the Supreme Court of the United States, where the questions of a national bank’s constitutionality and whether the states had the power to tax a national bank (and thereby the central government) arose. In unanimity, Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court answered the aforementioned questions by ruling that under the United States Constitution’s Article I, Section 8, Necessary and Proper Clause, the federal government was vested with the implied powers to create a national bank, affirming both the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States and the idea that states did not have the power to tax a national bank because the central government reigns supreme over the states.
Chief Justice Marshall’s decision in this case effectively established the superiority of the central government to the states.
During the Great Depression, the international economy began to collapse in 1929 due to the stock market crash in the United States, which was caused largely by speculation. High international tariffs also played a role.
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☆ABOUT OUR JOURNEY--
the process of travelling the silk roads developed along with the road themselves.
when we are traveled to china by silk roads,
in middle ages' caravans consisting of horse and camels were used for trevel.in the china there was extreamly extremely high value product, it was reserved for the exclusive usage of the Chinese imperial court for the making of cloths, drapes, banners, and other items of prestige.
●PLACES--
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we are travel on many places like-
The Silk Roads across the Middle East and Western Asia.Central Asia.Southern Routes and South Asia.China: The northern route along the Taklamakan Desert.China: The southern route along the Taklamakan Desert.China.
●CHALLANGES --
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we have different challanges to face on our lengthy journey like -Pirates were another risk faced by all merchant ships along the maritime Silk Roads, as their lucrative cargos made them attractive targets and lack of water .
●CULTURAL EXCHANGE:--
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The Silk Road did not only promote commodity exchange but also cultural. For example, Buddhism as one of the religions of the Kushan kingdom reached China. Together with merchant caravans Buddhist monks went from India to Central Asia and China, preaching the new religion. Buddhist monuments were discovered in numerous cities along the Silk Road.
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In essence, the vocabulary and timing of Roosevelt expanded his executive powers not only to wage war but also to make war.
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