Mitochondria is the control
<span><span><span>Release enzymes outside of the cell (exocytosis)</span>
which may serve the purpose of destroying materials around the cell.</span><span><span>Break-down 'digestion' of materials from inside the cell (autophagy)</span>
i.e. by fusing with vacuoles from inside the cell.
This could include digesting worn-out organelles so that useful chemicals locked-up in their structures can be re-used by the cell.</span><span><span>Break-down 'digestion' of materials from outside the cell (heterophagy)</span>
i.e. by fusing with vacuoles from outside the cell.
This could include breaking-down material taken-in by phagocytes, which include many types of white blood cells - also known as leucocytes. Specific mechanisms of heterophagy can be:<span><span>phagocytic - by which cells engulf extracellular debris, bacteria or other particles - only occurs in certain specialized cells</span><span>pinocytic - by which cells engulf extracellular fluid</span><span>endocytic - by which cells take-up particles such as molecules that have become attached to the outer-surface of the cell membrane.</span></span></span><span><span>Recycle the products of biochemical reactions that have taken place following materials being brought into the cell by endocytosis (general term for this 'recycling' function: biosynthesis) </span>
Different materials (chemicals) are processed in different ways, e.g. some structures may be processed/degraded within lysosomes and others are taken to the surface of the cell.</span><span>Completely break-down cells that have died (autolysis)</span></span>
In general, the functions of lysosomes involve breaking-down i.e. processing to 'make safe' or make use of, or removing from the cell e.g. by exocytosis, useless and potentially harmful materials such as old worn-out parts of the cell or potential threats such bacteria. Lysosomes can therefore be thought of as the rubbish disposal units within cel
I'm not sure what you're asking, but if you're looking for a word to describe this change its "mutation"
Homologous chromosome pairs are separated
Meiosis 1 refers to the initial stage of meiosis where one parent cell divides into two daughter cells. This stage is where homologous pairs of chromosomes will segregate and separate from each other and move into the two daughter cells which result in the division of the total chromosomal number by half.
<h3>What happens during Meiosis 1 ?</h3>
Meiosis I ends when the chromosomes of each homologous pair arrive at opposing poles of the cell.
- The microtubules disintegrate, and a new nuclear membrane forms around each haploid set of chromosomes.
- The chromosomes uncoil, forming chromatin again, and cytokinesis occurs, forming two non-identical daughter cells.
Learn more about Meiosis here:
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