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viva [34]
3 years ago
11

A synthetic 20 amino acid polypeptide named Betanova was designed as a small soluble molecule that would theoretically form stab

le beta-sheet structures in the absence of disulfide bonds. NMR of Betanova in solution indicates that it does, in fact, form a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Given the sequence of Betanova below where would you predict lie the turns in this sequence.
Draw the structure of Betanova showing strands and turns:
Betanova RGWSVQNGKYTNNGKTTEGR
Biology
1 answer:
ra1l [238]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The β-Turns in this sequence are two and include the Glycine (G), the two anterior amino acids, and the one posterior amino acid.

You will find the molecule image in the attached file.

Explanation:

β-Turns are structural elements that intervene in the orientation of the polypeptide backbone. These are short sequences of amino acids, with a characteristic conformation, that imposes a sharp 180º turn on the polypeptide chain. They are very abundant in globular proteins, such as Betanova, connecting the two adjacent antiparallel segments of the sheet.    

They are mostly composed of four amino acids. In most cases, the third amino acid is usually Glycine, and in other cases, the second amino acid is Proline. In any case, the first residue of the sequence forms a hydrogen bridge with the last residue of the sequence, linking the amide-group of the last amino acid with the carbonyl-group of the first amino acid in the sequence.    

According to the given sequence of the protein, we can find two specific regions in the molecule that contains glycine (G). Proline is not present in Betanova. Following the theory, in most turns, Gly seems to be the third amino acid of the short sequence. So, we can assume that the first two amino acids that are located before the G and the amino acid located after the G, are the ones that compose the β-Turns.

RGWSV<u>QN</u><u>G</u><u>K</u>YT<u>NN</u><u>G</u><u>K</u>TTEGR      

  • The first turn (QNGK) turns the direction of the polypeptide 180º, going forward to the opposite side.
  • The second turn (NNGK) turns again the direction of the polypeptide, driving the last strain to the other side.          

In the attached image, you will find the structure of Betanova showing strands (black arrows) and turns (red arrows).  

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Naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter
alina1380 [7]

The naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter is known as a Rock.

A rock is a naturally occurring substances that is a solid mixture of one or more minerals together with organic matter.

<h2>Further Explanation;</h2>
  • Rocks are classified based on the chemical composition, texture and the way they are formed.  One type of rock may change from one form to another through a rock cycle.
  • Rock cycle is the process through each various rocks change from one form to another, normally an interchange between the three major types of rocks.

There are three major classification of rocks:

<h3>Sedimentary rocks </h3>
  • Sedimentary rocks are types of rocks that are formed through accumulation of sediments at low temperatures in tectonic layers and sinks. These sediments includes; pebbles, shells, sand and other material fragments.  
  • The sediments accumulates in layers and then harden into rocks over a period of time.
  • Examples of sedimentary rocks include; limestone and conglomerate
<h3>Metamorphic rocks</h3>
  • These are types of rocks that are formed as a result of changes that occurs due to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the earth. They result from action of heat and pressure on other rocks that pre-existed.
  • These types of rocks are characterized by shiny crystals, ribbon-like layers among other features.
  • Examples of metamorphic rocks are marble and gneiss

<h3>Igneous rocks </h3>
  • These are types of rocks that are formed as a result hardening and cooling of magma from volcanic eruptions. Magma may cool inside the earth or when on the surface of the earth as a result of volcanic eruptions. The lava from this eruptions cools and hardens to form metamorphic rocks.
  • Igneous rocks are glass-like and shiny with no crystals. They may also have tiny spaces and holes due to gas bubbles trapped during the cooling process.
  • Examples of igneous rocks include obsidian and basalt.
  • The three types of rocks may be further classified in terms of chemical composition, texture and formation.

Key words: Rocks, types of rocks, chemical composition

<h3>Learn more about;</h3>
  1. Rocks and rock types; https://brainly.in/question/5987245
  2. sedimentary rocks; https://brainly.in/question/3259075
  3. igneous rocks; https://brainly.in/question/272012
  4. metamorphic rocks; https://brainly.in/question/1206219

Level; High school

Subject: Geography

Topic:  Rocks

sub-topic: classification of rocks

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Facilitated diffusion

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There should be 10% thymine

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DNA bases come in specific pairs. Guanine pairs up with cytosine and adenine pairs up with Thymine.

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