Yes, Kilwa was socially stratified.
The highest class was of the rulers who claimed direct Arab ancestry. They owned large plantations and controlled Indian Ocean trades.
The next was that of the Muslim-Swahili speakers who were mainly African. They were artisans and minor court officials.
The lowest class was of slaves who were non-Muslims. They worked on farms or estates or in production of cotton beads.
They have both a chancellor and a president, so a president would be head of the government.
There are multiple factors.
The Marshal Plan - provided economic aid, debts were repaid, there wasnt anymore spending on wars, etc.
<span>When the United States Government made the decision to be involved in the Spanish-American war, to take over Hawaii, and to introduce the open door policy in China, all of these were done in order to gain overseas markets as well as sources of raw materials.</span>
