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SOVA2 [1]
3 years ago
15

A firm which prepares its financial statements according to U.S. GAAP and uses a periodic inventory system had the following tra

nsactions during the year: Date Activity Tons(000s) $ per Ton Beginning inventory 1 500 February Purchase 8 540 May Sales 5 600 July Purchase 2 575 November Sales 3 620 The cost of sales (in '000s) is closest to: Select one: A. $4,280 using LIFO. B. $4,342 using weighted average. C. $4,435 using LIFO. D. $4,390 using FIFO. E. $4,550 using FIFO.
Business
1 answer:
saveliy_v [14]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

B. $4,342 using weighted average.

Explanation:

Note: The data in this question are merged together. They are therefore sorted before answering the question. See the attached pdf file for the complete question with the sorted data.

The explanation to the answer is now given as follows:

Also note: See the attached excel file for the calculations of cost of sales using FIFO, LIFO and Weighted Average methods (in red color).

First In First Out (FIFO) refers to the inventory method whereby the inventory items purchased first are sold first.

Last In First Out (LIFO) refers to the inventory method whereby the inventory items purchased last are sold first.

Weighted average cost method refers an inventory costing technique whereby the average cost per unit is calculated by dividing the total cost of the goods available for sale by the total number of units available for sales.

From the question, we can obtained:

Total Tons (000s) Sold = May Sales + November Sales = 5 + 3 = 8

From the attached excel file, we have:

Weighted average unit cost = Total Cost ($'000s) / Total Tons (000s)  Available for Sales =  5,970 / 11 =  $542.73

Cost of sales under weighted average = Total Tons (000s) Sold *  Weighted average unit cost =  8 * $542.73 = $4,342

Therefore, from the attached excel file and the calculations above, the correct option is B. $4,342 using weighted average.

Download xlsx
<span class="sg-text sg-text--link sg-text--bold sg-text--link-disabled sg-text--blue-dark"> xlsx </span>
<span class="sg-text sg-text--link sg-text--bold sg-text--link-disabled sg-text--blue-dark"> pdf </span>
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The Corner Bakery has a bond issue outstanding that matures in 7 years. The bonds pay interest semi-annually. Currently, the bon
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Answer:

Ans. The after tax cost of this bond is 2.09%

Explanation:

Hi, first we need to establish the cash flow of the bond, so we can find the after tax cost of the bond. After we find the after tax cash flow of the bond, we must use the IRR function of MS Excel to find the semi-annual cost of this debt, but, all after tax debts should be presented in annual basis. Let me walk you through the process. First, let me show you how it should look.

Face Value      100  

price              101,4  

years                7 years  

Coupon                9%  

Coupon                4,5% semi-annually  

tax                      30%  

   

Per       Cash Flow After Tax  

0                 101,4 101,4  

1                   -4,5 -3,15  

2                   -4,5 -3,15  

3                   -4,5 -3,15  

4                   -4,5 -3,15  

5                   -4,5 -3,15  

6                   -4,5 -3,15  

7                   -4,5 -3,15  

8                   -4,5 -3,15  

9                  -4,5 -3,15  

10                  -4,5 -3,15  

11                  -4,5 -3,15  

12                  -4,5 -3,15  

13                  -4,5 -3,15  

14               -104,5 -73,15  

   

Cost of Debt 1,04% semi-annually

Cost of Debt 2,09% annually

Ok, now, as you can see, there are 14 periods, that is because the coupon is paid semi-annually, the way to find the cash flow (I mean, the bond´s coupon) is:

Coupon (semi-annual)=(Face Value)x\frac{0.09}{2} =4.5

At the end (period 14), we need to add the face value and the coupon, that is $100+$4.5=$104.5

Now, to find the value of the third column (after-tax cost), we do the following.

After-tax-Cost=Couponx(1-taxes)=4.5(1-0.3)=3.15\\

Now, consider this, you are receiving 101.4 for every 100 of debt, that means that you are receiving more money than the emission value, and paying interests over 100 instead of 101.4, that is why we have to use the IRR excel function to find out the semi-annual cost of debt. That is, 1.04%.

Now, to make this an effective annual rate, we calculate it like this.

EffectiveAnnualRate=(1+semi-annual Rate)^{\frac{1}{2} }  -1=(1+0.0104)^{\frac{1}{2} } -1=0.0209

Finally, the after-tax cost of this debt is = 2.09%

Best of luck.

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