Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Monoclonal antibodies can treat cancer as well as other illness such as the coronavirus by mimicking the body's immune system. They recognize and target specific proteins on cells. Some on cancer cells by basically blocking signals that tell cancer cells to divide.
When applying rigid-body mechanics to the study of human beings, the assumption made is Option B.The body does not deform by bending, stretching, or compressing.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Rigid body mechanics is a body in which the gap between any two points will be constant in time, despite of external forces. The body cannot be deformed at any circumstances be it under application of any force. The forces acting over the body gets divided into two groups one is external, which shows the action of different bodies on the rigid body under force and internal forcethat binds the body together making it rigid. Body changes its motion only in case of pull against some external object.
