Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Currently the biogenic theory is the leading explanation for the formation of fossil fuels and it’s believed that the petroleum we most commonly use took anywhere from 1 million to 1 billion years to form and represents a wide spectrum of useful petroleum and natural gas products including methane, propane, butane, hexane, octane and others
A lysosome is a membrane-bound sac found in cells that contains digestive enzymes which break down complex molecules or structure.
Lysosomes are single membrane organelles or vesicles that contain enzymes and are specialized to breakdown complex food materials such as sugars and proteins, into simpler substances.
Lysosomes are made in a process that begins in the endoplasmic reticulum and ends in the Golgi apparatus which puts the finishing touches to the lysosome before releasing it into the cytoplasm where it floats freely until engaged.
One characteristics of non-living things is their ability to reproduce. Viruses on their own lack this ability to reproduce their kind. Mitosis is a form of reproduction where one cell divides to form two daughter cells. Viruses do not undergo mitosis.
Viruses are just an assembly of biochemical particles that need to gain entrance into a living cell to be able to multiply.
