Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyze reactions of gluconeogenesis that bypass the reaction of glycolysis that is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase.
<h3>Gluconeogenesis:</h3>
The tissues of some organs, including the brain, the eye, and the kidney, use glucose as their primary or only source of metabolic fuel. Glycogen stores become exhausted during a protracted fast or intense exercise, and glucose must be created from scratch to keep blood glucose levels stable. The process through which glucose is created from non-hexose precursors such glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and glucogenic amino acids is known as gluconeogenesis.
Glycolysis is effectively reversed during glucose synthesis. However, gluconeogenesis makes use of four distinct enzymes to skip the three highly exergonic (and essentially irreversible) phases of glycolysis. The pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase enzymes are specific to gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis can only take place in particular tissues because these enzymes are not found in all cell types. In humans, the liver and, to a lesser extent, the renal cortex are the primary locations for gluconeogenesis.
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Out of the choices given, the reason why Kathy's body feels sore and she has pain in her limbs after vigorously exercising is an accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles of her limbs. The correct answer is A.
Answer:
It is a mixture.
Explanation:
Car battery is mixture because it contain sulfuric acid and water. A mixture is a substance that contain two or more substances which are mixed physically or physically combined and are not chemically combined but can also be separated into the different substance.
Answer:
- Calcium binds to troponin C
- Troponin T moves tropomyosin and unblocks the binding sites
- Myosin heads join to the actin forming cross-bridges
- ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate and releases energy
- The energy is used to impulse myofilaments slide producing a power stroke
- ADP is released and a new ATP joins the myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament
- ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, starting a new cycle
- Z-bands are pulled toward each other, shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, producing muscle fiber contraction.
Explanation:
In rest, the tropomyosin inhibits the attraction strengths between myosin and actin filaments. Contraction initiates when an action potential depolarizes the inner portion of the muscle fiber. Calcium channels activate in the T tubules membrane, releasing <u>calcium into the sarcolemma.</u> At this point, tropomyosin is obstructing binding sites for myosin on the thin filament. When calcium binds to troponin C, troponin T alters the tropomyosin position by moving it and unblocking the binding sites. Myosin heads join to the uncovered actin-binding points forming cross-bridges, and while doing so, ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate, which is released. Myofilaments slide impulsed by chemical energy collected in myosin heads, producing a power stroke. The power stroke initiates when the myosin cross-bridge binds to actin. As they slide, ADP molecules are released. A new ATP links to myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament. Then ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, which starts a new binding cycle to actin. Finally, Z-bands are pulled toward each other, shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, producing muscle fiber contraction.
