I'd say there are two answers here - she must obey her husband's wishes and follow his advice (he tells her not to teach Douglass how to read) and slavery strips her of her innate beliefs and benevolent nature (she used to be a kind and caring person before she got slaves).
Well, since jaunt and excursion mean relatively the same things, they are near synonyms, we are looking here for a word that has a relatively similar meaning to that of 'resignation'. Since you didn't give us any examples, I will just list you some of its synonyms: departure, retirement, termination, abdication, leaving, notice, abandonment, withdrawal, etc.
C because smollet is the captain and trealawney wants to be part of the crew
