Mutation would be the best answer.
<span>If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium that can cause deviations from expectation depending on the assumptions of HW that are violated. If a population violates some of the assumptions (like mutations, migrations and selection) the allele frequencies will change over time. Also, if a non-random mating occurs (like inbreeding), it will cause an increase in homozygosity for all genes.</span>
The Punctuated Equilibrium theory proposes that a specie that appears in the fossil record will become stable. To support this theory, a fossil record serves as an evidence which includes transitional fossils. Transitional fossils refers to the remains of an organism that still exhibit traits to both the ancestral and descendant group.
The answer is d/ the fourth one
The answer is <span>d. homologous structures.
Homologous structures are </span><span>similar structures shared by different species. For example, the anatomy of joints in bones of birds and dinosaurs, support the idea that these two groups have a common ancestor. But since these two groups are different enough to be separated into different classes, it can be concluded that they evolved from the common ancestor.</span>
