The expression<em> "the map is not the territory", </em>was first said by the Polish scientist, <em>Alfred Korzybski.</em>
It is a metaphor. There is the reality of something (as perceived by the senses). And there are labels, symbols, abstraction of that reality created by the mind/thought for the sake of convenience, communication, or to make undersanding easier. We are often looking at maps rather than the territory, without realising it. Mind is an expert at doing this.
Korzybski held that many people do confuse maps with territories, that is, confuse models of reality with reality itself. In other words, the description of the thing is not the thing itself. The model is not reality.
Answer:
Logos: ..."we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain."
Here Lincoln appeals to his listener's sense of logic: it would not make sense that so many people should have died for no reason. Therefore, it is important that the fight continue.
Pathos: "The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract."
Here Lincoln appeals to his listeners' emotions (hearts), by telling them that the field was consecrated by the blood of the soldiers who fought there.
Ethos: "Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."
Here Lincoln establishes his credibility by demonstrating his great knowledge of American history and the founding documents of this country.
In McCain's words from the book's introduction: It is your character, and your character alone, that will make your life happy or unhappy. That is all that really passes for destiny. And you choose it. No one else can give it to you or deny it to you.
<span>In William Shakespeare's MacBeth, the opening of Act 2 takes place just after midnight. Here is the text:
FLEANCE
The moon is down. I have not heard the clock.
FLEANCE
The moon has set. The clock hasn't struck yet.
BANQUO
And she goes down at twelve.
BANQUO
The moon sets at twelve, right?
FLEANCE
'tis later, sir.
Fleance notes that the the clock is later than 12. Also, this scene has them carrying torches which means it is dark. Therefore, it is past 12 am.</span>
