Answer:
b. DNA replication occurs only during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Explanation:
I think it is c but I’m not 100% sure so wait for someone else to answer too maybe ?
The correct option is A.
Puppies normally growl when playing; this type of growling is not aggressive. The growling that are made in such situations indicate the pleasure of the puppies as they are playing together, such growl does not result in biting or any other injuries.
<span>the cell is the basic unit of a living the</span> cellular level of an organism is where the metabolic processes occur and keep the organism alive that's why it is referred to the basic unit of a living thing
Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
