Answer:
Explanation:
Bacteriorhodopsin is one of the simplest protein from a family of a protein called opsin which is present in photosynthetic bacteria, algae and few fungi.
The bacterio-rhodopsin acts as an active light-gated proton pump which can pump the protons against their concentration gradient and then establishes concentration gradient across the membrane.
When the photosynthetic bacteria gets exposed to the light, bacteriorhodopsin pumps the proton from the cytosolic side to outside. This establishes electric motive force across the membrane which causes disequilibrium of protons.
The protons move back from the outside of the membrane to inside through H+ATPase which help allow the generation of ATP in the cell.
Answer:
Gene mutation:
Gene mutation may be defined as change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the gene. DNA replication errors and mutagens are responsible for the gene mutation. A single gene may affected in this mutation. For example: Sickle cell anemia is caused by the replacement of GAG to GUG results in the formation of valine instead of glutamic acid. The shape of RBCs changed from the biconcave to the sickle cell shape.
Chromosome mutation:
Chromosome mutation may be defined as the change or the alteration of chromosome number or structure. Chromosome mutation occurs due to errors during crossing over. The segment of the chromosome may get changed. Large number of genes may get affected. For example: Down syndrome occurs due to the presence of extra chromosome at chromosome 21.
The one that is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion would be : small concentration of gradient
The rate of diffusion will more likely to increase if :
- the concentration gradient is greater
- distance is decreased
- The surface Area is increased
hope this helps
Answer:
1 dominant allies are often represented with a capital letter
2 recessive allies however are represented with a lowercase latter
3 Heterozygous is The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene .
Explanation:
the first two questions where found in the passage
As for the third a heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele or two different mutated alleles for example[ Hh, hh ]
Because of the large heat of __________ of water, the evaporation from a liquid surface is a very effective cooling mechanism.
Vaporization
The human body makes use of evaporative cooling by __________ to give off energy even when surrounded by a temperature higher than body temperature.
Perspiration
~Hope this answers your question!~
