Benefits: reduce size of stomach, restrict amount of food the stomach can hold, alters food course to prevent passing through small intestine that would normally absorb calories and nutrients. Effects: promotes satiety, suppress hunger, reverse primary mechanisms that causes obesity-related type 2 diabetes. In addition the surgery causes an average of 60 to 80% long term excess weight loss, which is superior to the adjustable gastric band. Typical maintenance is higher than 50%. Other pros include improvements in overall health, comorbidities, mobility, and increase in energy expenditure and quality of life.
Cons: Complex and irreversible surgery, great complication rates, mortality rate of 2.5% 90 days after procedure, despite the fact that comorbidities like diabetes and high blood pressure may be minimized or cured, the worse they are prior to the surgery the more the more likely it is for the patient to suffer from further complications, ( gastric band is reversible and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is less complex than Roux-en-y gastric bypass, which is what the cons are referring to), can cause long term vitamin deficiency particularly in: vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and folate. In addition, the surgery has a longer hospital stay than than the AGB (adjustable gastric band) and it requires adherence to dietary recommendations, life-long vitamin/mineral supplementation, and follow up compliance as explained by ASMBS ( American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery).
Explanation: Polygenic inheritance describes the inheritance of traits that are determined by more than one gene. These genes, called polygenes, produce specific traits when they are expressed together. Polygenic traits have many possible phenotypes (physical characteristics) that are determined by interactions among several alleles. Examples of polygenic inheritance in humans include traits such as skin color, eye color, hair color, body shape, height, and weight.
The statement which best explains why Pepsin will not break down starch is that enzymes only work for specific substrates.
<h3>What is an Enzyme?</h3>
This is referred to as a biological catalyst which helps to speed the rate of chemical reaction in the body by lowering the activation energy needed to start it up. it is also proteinous and can be denatured by heat and other substance such as chemicals.
They are also substrate specific which means they can't act on any type of substance. For example enzyme such as amylase acts on only starch while pepsin acts on only protein.
Promoter sequences/region is where the transcription factors and RNA polymerase must attach before the gene can be transcribed. SO if we mutate this sequence, the transcription factors and RNA polymerase won't recognize it thus would not attach and transcribe the targeted gene.
