The sentence For thousand of years, we have been making maps to represent the physical world has a pronoun in the nominative case. the pronoun is WE. It is the only pronoun which is the subject of a verb
(of electromagnetic radiation) having a wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of microwaves. Infrared radiation has a wavelength from about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted particularly by heated objects.