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sukhopar [10]
3 years ago
10

Instructions:

English
1 answer:
icang [17]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

My teacher went missing today, when we were on our field trip. We were looking at the monkey's and all of a sudden we couldn't find her! I remember when we were looking at the giraffes that she was talking to a zoo manager, and she instructed us to stay at the monkey cage. She never told us why, and now SHES MISSING! The whole class was freaking out! Then I saw a lady that looked just like her! Same hair, same hat! Dang, it was just a different lady. She was holding a baby monkey. We looked everywhere! I felt so bad, and it wasn't even a student missing it was a teacher! Teachers don't get lost! We ran into the same guy she was talking to earlier, and he said she was around the monkey's  cage and just saw her a second ago! We all ran back but couldn't find her anywhere! But wait- that lady earlier was holding a baby monkey?! It turned out to be our teacher! We ran over to her and she told us that her niece worked at this zoo, and we could hold the baby monkey! I love our teacher!

Explanation:

Hope this helps! Plz mark as brainliest! :)

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Answer: Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; this means that it takes place in all types of cells that are not involved in the production of gametes. Prior to each mitotic division, a copy of every chromosome is created; thus, following division, a complete set of chromosomes is found in the nucleus of each new cell. Indeed, apart from random mutations, each successive duplicate cell will have the same genetic composition as its parent, due to the inheritance of the same chromosome set and similar biological environment. This works well for replacing damaged tissue or for growth and expansion from an embryonic state.

Because the genes contained in the duplicate chromosomes are transferred to each successive cellular generation, all mitotic progeny are genetically similar. However, there are exceptions. For example, there are genetic variations that arise in clonal species, such as bacteria, due to spontaneous mutations during mitotic division. Furthermore, chromosomes are sometimes replicated multiple times without any accompanying cell division. This occurs in the cells of Drosophila larvae salivary glands, for example, where there is a high metabolic demand. The chromosomes there are called polytene chromosomes, and they are extremely large compared to chromosomes in other Drosophila cells. These chromosomes replicate by undergoing the initial phases of mitosis without any cytokinesis (Figure 2). Therefore, the same cell contains thick arrangements of duplicate chromosomes side by side, which look like strands of very thick rope. Scientists believe that these chromosomes are hyper-replicated to allow for the rapid and copious production of certain proteins that help larval growth and metamorphosis (Gilbert, 2008).

Gene Transmission in Meiosis

Three photomicrographs show polytene chromosomes. The chromosomes look like horizontal tubes composed of white, grey, and black bands against a black background. They look like thick, striated lengths of rope.

Figure 2: Examples of polytene chromosomes

Pairing of homologous chromatids results in hundreds to thousands of individual chromatid copies aligned tightly in parallel to produce giant, "polytene" chromosomes.

© 2007 Nature Publishing Group Novikov, D. et al. High-pressure treatment of polytene chromosomes improves structural resolution. Nature Methods 4, 483 (2007). All rights reserved. View Terms of Use

Although he did not know it, Walther Flemming actually observed spermatozoa undergoing meiosis in 1882, but he mistook this process for mitosis. Nonetheless, Flemming did notice that, unlike during regular cell division, chromosomes occurred in pairs during spermatozoan development. This observation, followed in 1902 by Sutton's meticulous measurement of chromosomes in grasshopper sperm cell development, provided definitive clues that cell division in gametes was not just regular mitosis. Sutton demonstrated that the number of chromosomes was reduced in spermatozoan cell division, a process referred to as reductive division. As a result of this process, each gamete that Sutton observed had one-half the genetic information of the original cell. A few years later, researchers J. B. Farmer and J. E. S. Moore reported that this process—otherwise known as meiosis—is the fundamental means by which animals and plants produce gametes (Farmer & Moore, 1905).

The greatest impact of Sutton's work has far more to do with providing evidence for Mendel's principle of independent assortment than anything else. Specifically, Sutton saw that the position of each chromosome at the midline during metaphase was random, and that there was never a consistent maternal or paternal side of the cell division. Therefore, each chromosome was independent of the other. Thus, when the parent cell separated into gametes, the set of chromosomes in each daughter cell could contain a mixture of the parental traits, but not necessarily the same mixture as in other daughter cells.

To illustrate this concept, consider the variety derived from just three hypothetical chromosome pairs, as shown in the following example (Hirsch, 1963). Each pair consists of two homologues: one maternal and one paternal. Here, capital letters represent the maternal chromosome, and lowercase letters represent the paternal chromosome:

Pair 1: A and a

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When these chromosome pairs are reshuffled through independent assortment, they can produce eight possible combinations in the resulting gametes:

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Hope This Helps!!!

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