1. This process is called translation
2. This process is called transcription
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Pathogens can adapt more quickly than hosts since they have higher populations and faster generation periods.
Pathogens, of course, have the advantage in this evolutionary game because they can change far more quickly than the hosts—especially in long-lived animals like humans—due to their high population numbers and rapid generation rates. The relationship between surface area and complement activation shows how bacterial pathogenicity may be influenced by tiny size. The region of the microbial surface may also have a role in their action since other antimicrobial agents are focused there. A pathogen reacts with the host and creates infection, which results in the host being ill. Any dangerous microbial agent, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and helminths, might be considered a pathogen.
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Answer:
an element is a pure substance which can not be spilt into simpler substances by chemical means
Explanation:
examples hydrogen, oxygen, copper
Answer:
Afferent arteriole
Explanation:
A glomerulus is formed from the afferent blood vessels, a branch from the renal artery. The afferent arteriole collects blood from the glomerulus and extends to the renal tubule where it divides into capillaries that ramify the tubule. The afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole.
Answer:
The probability of getting a mottled offspring is 0%. There is no A2 allele involved in the cross.
Explanation:
<u>Available data</u>:
- The gene for petal color in a flower has incomplete dominance
- Two A1 alleles (A1A1) express black color
- Two A2 alleles (A2A2) express white color
- One of each allele (A1A2) express mottled color
In a cross between two black flowers, there is no allele A2, there are just two alleles A1. So, the cross is:
Parental) A1A1 x A1A1
Gametes) A1 A1 A1 A1
Punnet Square) A1 A1
A1 A1A1 A1A1
A1 A1A1 A1A1
F1 Phenotypes: 100% black flowers
F1 Genotype: 100% A1A1
There are 0% of probabilities of getting a mottled offspring.
