The 4th amendment. It gives every person the right to be free from any unreasonable government intrusion to anything and everything personal
C.) To prevent East Germans from escaping West Germany.
A.
After the Civil War Abraham Lincoln was just the first of many US Presidents to encourage immigration through economic and politic measures (one of them was to give free land to anyone willing to work it). The country needed people to rebuild itself and to settle the west of the continent. And everyone was aware that there is plenty of space.
b.) powers that allow the each branch to curb the others
