While preparing to build a hydroelectric dam, the safety for various potential hazards must be given attention. Some of these include special attention towards the channels leading to dangerous areas or spillways, attention towards the effectiveness of the barriers, areas where higher currents exist, attention must also be given towards environmental aspects such as damming the rivers impacts wild and aquatic life, reduction of dissolved oxygen harming the fishes, and also while building the dam the communities living around should be taken into consideration that there is no potential hazard to them.
Answer: Nucleotides are the monomers used for DNA synthesis. The mix also contains a template, DNA taq polymerase, buffer, reverse and foward primer and magnesium ions.
Explanation:
A PCR master mix is a premixed solution that has all of the components for a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This reaction is a laboratory technique that amplifies small fragments of DNA into millions of copies.
The master mix used for that contains dNTPs (nucleotides). In the DNA there are four types of nucleotides that are differentiated by the nitrogen base they have: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
<u>Since nucleotides are the monomers that make DNA, they are found in the mix because they are the material for DNA synthesis.</u>
The reaction mixture also requires;
- DNA template, the sequence of DNA to be amplified
- DNA taq polymerase, a heat resistant enzyme that assembles nucleotides into a new DNA
- Salt buffer, for an optimum ionic environment and pH
- Oligonucleotide primers (reverse and foward), pieces of DNA complementary to the template. Each hybridizes with one of the DNA chains.
- Magnesium ions, a catalyst required by DNA polymerase to work
Answer No 1:
A concentration gradient can be described as a phenomenon by which molecules travels from an area which is highly concentrated to an area which has low concentrations of that molecule.
Answer No 2:
A molecule is said to be diffusing down a concentration gradient when molecule acquire the phenomenon of concentration gradient i.e move from higher concentration to lower concentration. This mechanism is also termed as passive transport. Active transport is the opposite of passive transport. In active transport, molecules move against the concentration gradient i.e from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
