Answer:
All of them
Explanation:
The effect may not be real because we don't know if the results are reproducible: Peers can identify flaws in the experimental design because an experiment must have a clear design in order to be reproducible by other researchers or else they would not have scientific validity.
The treatment kills cancer cells, but it might simply be a poison that kills all cells—even normal cells: It is possible that in the design of the experiment carried out only cancer cells were used but it had not been performed in healthy cells, which would imply the possibility that the fungus kills all the cells.
Cell samples were taken from too few patients: This may be another mistake because when only a small sample is analyzed it is not certain if the fungi are the ones that kill the cancer cells or are other conditions of the analyzed patient.
There aren't enough oxygen molecules in the air are higher altitudes
"From the dog" is the prepositional phrase since it begins with the preposition "from" followed by the noun phrase "the dog" .
Answer:
Adaptations to a common environment and examples of convergent evolution
Explanation:
Convergent evolution is a process by which two independent and phylogenetically separated organisms, get to develop similar structures or behavior to survive. These structures make possible a better performance in a similar environment. These organisms are morphologically or ethologically similar in their whole bodies or just in parts.
Convergent evolution occurs in different phylogenetic branches independently from each other. It results from the need of different organisms to adapt to a similar environment and to solve a problem from that particular ecological niche. Ecological pressures acting on them might be similar, modeling the organisms´ phenotype. Each evolutive branch ends by developing the same structures, which they both find effective in their environment.
In the exposed example, Ichthyosaurs (reptile) and fishes are separated species on evolutive time, corresponding to different phylogenetic lineages. Both of them inhabit the same aquatic environment. Pressures of the habitat acted on them and modeling their phenotypes. These species need to adapt to living in water, moving, feeding, scaping, chasing, etc. So both species arrived at the same solution. They developed dorsal fins and tails, which are important to stabilize the body in the water while swimming, making it more hydrodynamic and getting to propel better.
