Answer:
Negative punishment
Explanation:
Negative punishment is a concept that is being used in Skinner's ope-rant conditioning. It is an important concept that is being used to modify the behavior of an animal or human beings.
The main goal of punishment in ope-rant conditioning is to decrease the unwanted behavior of a person or animal. In this phenomenon, something has been deducting that is favorite of a subject to produce a positive behavior in a person or animal.
We can remember these phenomena by a trick like positive when we add something but negative is to deduct something. This phenomenon is most effective when it immediately follows a response. It should apply consistently to get a good response.
Thus in the above context when Jack takes away the video game from his son due to he misbehaves, Jack used the negative punishment.
The correct answer is a concurring opinion.
Concurring opinions are written by Judges or Justices who agree with the outcome of the majority but who got there using different precedent, logic, legal reasoning.
They used it to control their government.
Hate Crimes are usually Civil because it's the intention to hurt someone due to a certain factor and everyone has certain rights and when they are violated the charges would be civil
